Gardening in Waitaki January 16th 2024

I do hope all you Gardeners have had some time to relax while enjoying the results of last year's gardening work. Roses should be doing well, deadheading keeps them making new flower buds and a dressing of manure, blood and bone or rose fertiliser watered in now would give a boost for the second flush of flowering. Hydrangeas are taking center stage right now and looking good with the summer moisture received but with such a lush start water will need to be kept up for them to cope with summer heat. Dahlias will be next to brighten gardens with their long flowering, deadheading as blooms fade is needed to keep them going on and looking good. Hardwood cuttings from hydrangeas are best taken in early summer, choose a steam that flowered last summer and is pushing out new leaf growth, cut just above a bud around 6 inches long, remove remaining leaves and soft growth. Push cuttings into sharp river sand or crusher dust, place in warm shade and keep moist. They take a while to make roots so don't be tempted to lift until you notice new growth. Once rooted pot up and keep moist and feed often to encourage strong growth, they should be ready to plant into the garden next spring when roots have filled the pot. Seeds are ripening, Those that are ready I have been collecting in small paper bags, delphiniums, dianthus, poppies, foxglove, hollyhock, sweet peas, plus many more to come. These seeds will store until sowing in spring or some could be sown now if you are happy to nurse them through the hot months. Seed trays are best kept outside in light shade and mist watered only when the top layer of mix is dry. Over watering will encourage collapse as roots are too few to take in excess moisture. When pricked out and potted on they will make good roots for planting out in early spring. Have a look around plants that have dropped seed from spring flowering plants, I have found nice little seedlings of pansies, viola, hellebore, sweet William and aquilegias, potted up they will get strong root growth before planting out. Remove seed heads off anything you do not want to spread, that goes for weeds as well, make sure you whack the seed heads off and dispose of them if you don't have time to deal with removing them. Lawns Keep the catcher up higher as length on grass shades roots during the hot months, scalping a lawn leads to poor growth and lawn weeds. Fruit: Seasonal fruit and veg are plentiful now for freezing or preserving, strawberries, raspberries, black currant and cherries are still going and stone fruit is plentiful now so worth a drive up the Waitaki valley if growing fruit is not your thing. Vegetables: Heaps of growing time ahead so keep sowing root veg seed and plants. If planted now, carrots (harvest April / may) parsnips (harvest June) board beans (harvest May / July) cabbage sow in seed tray, plant out in 4 weeks (harvest April May) cauliflower sow in seed tray, plant out in 4 to 6 weeks (harvest May / July) leeks grow in seed tray plant out in 4 to 6 weeks (harvest May / June) lettuce I sow butter crunch now and stagger it right into winter onions grow in seed trays, plant out in 4 to 6 weeks (harvest July - October) silverbeet (harvest March / April. Cheers, Linda.

Gardening in Waitaki 12th December 2023

I know all gardeners will be busy with end of year happenings right now, the only important job if you have time is to pull weeds before they seed. Nature just carries on regardless and would have much joy in spreading weed seeds throughout your garden. Right now summer weeds are flowering and ready to move on to ripen seed. Wild grass is doing the same, cut those seed heads off to save yourself the work they will give you if you don't. Keep deadheading roses, don't just cut the flower off, cut at an outward facing bud on a lower section of the branch strong enough to support a new flower to keep new blooms coming. Begonias are really pushing through now and I see that I have lost a few that I left in the ground from last year. I did dig and store some of them over the winter which I am now glad about. The food begonias most appreciate is any fish based fertiliser, as a folia spray or watered in around their roots.  Hydrangeas are producing flower heads now so it is important to keep the water and food up to them, old stable manure, blood and bone dry or  liquid or slow release fertiliser will keep them happy and flowering well. Remember it's lime for pink and Epsom salts or aluminum sulphate to keep them blue.   Fuchsias are making a lot of growth now as well, if you missed cutting any back do it now, they will flower later but will soon catch up Fuchsias are on sale right now and are wonderful in pots for a shady spot and they soon become bushy and to fill a pot. Tip cuttings can be taken from fuchsias now, if you spot some you like in a friend's garden ask for some cuttings. I break a cutting off at a heel or a bud section, remove some of the top growth and push into firm wet river sand.Tip cuttings cuttings from Hebe's will also root now with no trouble in river sand .  Lawns: keep lawn food on hand for the next good rain, lawns get really stressed from now on as the heat of the day intensifies. If your lawns are inclined to crack when dry they have probably been planted on clay soil, apply gypsum ( soluble lime) and water in. After a couple of years of doing this your lawns will have a spring back in them. Gypsum works clay to become more like soil, especially near the sea front. Vegetables: The days are warm and the nights a little cooler, just right for growing. I am amazed that the white butterfly is STILL not a problem in our garden, long may it last. I had bad luck with the runner beans planted directly into the ground before labor weekend, they popped up then were eaten off I am guessing by snails / slugs!. So more beans have been planted but this time into trays to be transplanted when big enough to make a start on climbing up the frame. Tomatoes will be getting taller and starting to fruit now, the removal of leaves shading tomatoes will benefit your plants by allowing more nutrients to the fruit along with more sun to encourage flowering and allowing flowers to become more visible for pollination. Cheers, Linda.

Gardening in Waitaki December 6th 2023

So much in the garden has finished flowering now and needing a cut back, if early summer flowering plants have grown leggy and collapsed cut back the perennials and pull out annuals even if they are still producing flowers. Fallen plants will eventually rot plants they have fallen on. Clear the ground where they have been, add compost and plant annuals that will continue flowering through until autumn. Cosmas, nicotiana,saliva, verbena are tall growing. Petunia, gaillardia, coreopsis, bedding dahlia and bergamot (bee balm) are all mid plantings. Alyssum, lobelia, coreopsis and begonias are front planting gap fillers. peony roses are taking center stage now, if picked with a strong stem and an opening bud flowers will open in a vase. Tree peony's doubles in size each growing season. Don't let them swamp your garden and shade other plants, the older woody canes can be cut right down leaving the new green stalks to be next year's flower branches. By doing this now seed pods will be cut off, if allowed to ripen pods will pop all over your garden and grow. Other plants I have had to cut back are bush lavatera, English abutilon, ornamental broom, false Valerian and cat mint, all will grow back quickly and some bud up for another flowering. Monarch butterflies are being encouraged into many gardens as gardeners plant swan plants for caterpillars to feed on. To keep the butterflies in your garden plants they feed on need to be growing. Buddleias are tall shrubs that flower on new growth, cut back after each flowering to produce new flowers through summer, all verbenas ( tall and low growing), echinacea, daylilies, hydrangea, zinnias, cosmos, Californian poppy, foxglove, Viper's Bugloss and coreopsis will keep monarch butterflies happy but for them to lay eggs there is no alternative to the swan plant in NZ. Lawns: Don't cut grass too low and boost with lawn fertiliser during the next rain. I have been popping out flat weeds rather than the spraying and upsetting worms. Veg: Root veg and potatoes need deep moisture to draw on and leaf veg plants grow better in moderate cooler weather conditions. A rise in temperature increases the plant's growth rate to bolting. Rise in temperature also has bad affects on seed germination. As tomatoes grow be remove laterals from the taller growing variety and stake to keep them upright as the fruit gets heavier. They should be flowering now waiting for bee's to pollinate, if they are in a glass house and you do not see many bee's why not try companion planting, some plants have been proven to help and enhance others I plant basil & marigolds with tomatoes, carrots and onions together, the onions help keep the carrot fly at bay and carrots the onion fly. Celery and the brassica family, i.e.: cabbage, caulis, and broccoli. the celery will confuse the white butterfly when wanting to land and lay it's larvae eggs. Marigolds and beans/brassicas, the marigold emits a natural gas which protects surrounding plants from insects like aphids and white fly. Make your own natural sprays: The following plant leaves can be simmered in water and the resulting liquid used on plants. Basil for aphids, Chives prevent mildew occurring on cucumbers, squash and pumpkins, Coriander also for aphids and spider mite. Eucalyptus is a good general purpose insecticide. Rhubarb has been found to help prevent blackspot. These may be only plants but in liquid form they can be harmful to children so keep marked bottles high up. Cheers Linda.

Gardening in Waitaki November 28th 2023

Another cold change happened here in North Otago but we can never say no to spring rain regardless of how cold it is.  I am needing  to spend most of each week  away from my new garden right now and when I do arrive back I notice Mother Nature takes full advantage of my absence and all gaps are filled with wonderful spring growth. If you have had violia's flowering through winter cut back and divided clumps, I just dig up part of a large clump and pull it to bits basically. You can gently pull masses of new young plants out of the clump and plant them out separately in a cool shady part of the garden. They will soon form their own small clump which can be planted out next autumn to flower where you want it. The same for polyantha type primulas, break up clumps; plant out only fresh new growth in a cool place and throw away knotted old spent growth. Plant up hanging baskets now with small rooted annuals like lobelia, petite or cascading petunias, nasturtium and cascading begonias. Avoid upright plants and plants that make a big root ball, they need more depth than a basket can offer and will soon rob all the nutrients and fill the basket with dry roots. The secret to hanging baskets is a good heavy potting mix, water crystals, a lot of slow release fertiliser and consistent watering. I am using old carpet underlay as liners again this year but if I had none the coconut liners look good and do the job. If you have aged compost that has finished working  you are able to make some economical compost tea. Compost Tea is a nutritionally rich, well-balanced, organic plant food made by steeping aged compost in water. The water is then diluted and used as a root and/or foliar feed. It is also noted for its ability to control various plant diseases, blights, molds, wilts, etc. when used as a foliar spray, to repel and control insect pests. and encourage the growth of beneficial soil bacteria. The basic recipe is as follows: 1 large container with lid (plastic rubbish bin works well) enough aged, completed compost in an old pillow case 1/2-3/4 full, tie off the top and submerge in the container of water. Cover to prevent odor and insect problems and let steep for a minimum of 2 weeks. This steeping time is crucial to the formation of beneficial bacteria and the required fermentation process. When finished, dip out the tea and dilute it (3 parts water to 1 part compost tea) and use as root food for any and all plants on a weekly basis. To use as a foliar spray on young seedlings dilute it a little more. Lawn: Good grass growth is giving me garden mulch to suppress weeds, moisture and warmth help to break down layers into humus. Vegetables & fruit: Transplant late crop tomatoes, beans, corn, basil, courgettes, cucumbers and leeks. Plant seed into trays for late summer harvesting of dwarf and climbing beans, courgettes, carrots, beetroot, lettuce, basil, short season corn. Herbs: mint, marjoram, thyme, sage, parsley and rosemary I have cut and have laid out to dry on news paper in a dry shed. Once they are crunchy I will rub them and store them airtight dry glass jars. Fruit: Gooseberries and currants are fruiting well, all the rain and heat are just what they need in fact all fruiting shrubs and trees should be doing well this spring.  Put bird protection net in place over fruit bushes before fruit ripens. Watch carefully for branches of stone fruit showing signs of silver leaf - often just one limb of a tree will have silver leaves. Now is the time to cut that limb off and burn it and seal the tree with Trichopaste. Cheers, Linda.

Drying herbs.

Gardening in Waitaki 21st November 2023

Begonia display at The Oamaru Botanical Gardens.

Another month has almost run away from us, and with all the early Christmas hype the pressure is on to be ready for the festive season. Because nights are still cool the night beetle and the big Porina moths are not about yet, porina caterpillars feed on lawns along with grass grubs which turn into night beetles. However spittle bugs are here frothing up plants. Spittlebug nymphs can turn a liquid secretion into bubbles by moving or pumping their bodies, once bubbles have formed, they use their hind legs to cover themselves with the froth that insulates them from temperature extremes and protects them from predators. Although spittle bug nymphs do feed on plant sap, the damage is minimal and populations are usually small, so no pesticide is necessary, a strong blast from a hose should be enough to dislodge them. Roses: I am keeping up the fish emulsion to foliar feed roses and deter greenfly. Orchid growers it is the time to re-pot now, use orchid mix for the best results, it takes the guesswork out of wondering what to feed them. Tuberous Begonias are are beginning to show leaves, they are easy to grow in pots, baskets, window boxes and the garden as long as you provide good drainage and shelter from scorching afternoon sun, dappled sun or bright shade, in a spot protected from strong winds to avoid damage to the foliage and stems. Dew's are still wetting so the ground is still holding some moisture, scatter grass clippings around as mulch if your lawns have not been sprayed, they become good humus. I empty the catcher, then rake it about to cover any bare soil. vegetable garden: Successive plant and seed planting can be kept up right through the Summer. The best way to keep pests from young plants is covering them with mesh that lets light in. If your veg has already been attacked, make your own natural sprays, the following plant leaves can be simmered in water and the resulting liquid used on plants. Basil will eliminate aphids, Chives prevent mildew occurring on cucumbers, squash and pumpkins. Coriander also for aphids and spider mite. Eucalyptus is a good general purpose insecticide. Rhubarb has been found to help prevent blackspot. These may be only plants but in liquid form they can be harmful to children so keep marked bottles high up. I found from experience that it is not a good idea to breathe in fumes when bringing to the boil and keep doors and windows open. Get corn and pumpkins in as soon as possible because they need a long growing and ripening season. Fruit: Keep water up to currants and berries, lemons and fruit trees, it takes a lot out of a plant to fruit. All fruiting trees and plants need a lot of water now to create juicy plump fruit, it takes only a day of strong wind to zap moisture from the ground. Remember to cover your strawberries from birds, strawberry netting stretches out to cover a large area and does the job well, birds can strip gooseberry bushes as well, throw some frost cloth over them until you get a chance to pick them. Keep food up to tomatoes as they grow, be sure to remove laterals of the taller growing variety. Tomatoes should be flowering now, waiting for insects to pollinate them. If bees are few and far between on overcast days you could take a hairdryer into the glass house to gently blow the pollen around while leaves are dry. Stake tomato plants to keep them upright as tomatoes get heavier. Cheers, Linda

Gardening in Waitaki November 14th 2023

Some nice spring weather over the last few days, even one so hot I had to take Scruff the dog to Friendly bay for a dunk in the sea. It is time once again to cut back plants that have finished flowering, alyssum, ground cover phlox, aubrieta, aquilegias and forget-me-not. if you cut them back now they will green up again and look good over summer, same goes for Erica's, cut all the brown spent flower stems back and they will green up again in no time. Spread compost in the gaps created and fill every gap with flower seedlings like cosmos, petunias, statice, blue salvia, nasturtium, lavatera and lobelia. Leaving no room for weeds to grow while creating a magic summer picking garden. Dahlias should be pushing up leaves leaf now, once in bud they can be pinched out like chrysanthemums to encourage bushiness, they will still get tall so put stakes in now before they get up too far and begin to bend and fall. If your daffodils did not flower so well this spring, It's a good time to break up large clumps while you can still see where they have been. Flowering will be restricted when clumps get over crowded. Dug bulbs can be left to dry, (leaves left on) to be planted again in Autumn or replanted in small groups in about 20 cm of compost...plant, feed with blood and bone and mulch so they don't dry out over summer. There are autumn flowering bulbs in Garden centers now, like belladonna lilies (naked Ladies), nerines & crocuses plant in full sun where they will not be disturbed. Water lilies can be added to ponds now that the water is warmer, if buying one it should be in leaf, plant into a plastic basket using thick news paper first then some manure and garden soil, plant the lily in soil then top with a thick layer of stones or gravel. It is important not to let any fertiliser or manure leach out into the pond water because it will encourage the water to go green with slime which is harmful to fish when caught in gills. If your pond is stagnating it means that it is not working, put in some un-sprayed barley straw weighed down with a rock so it does not float around. At first the pond water will not look too healthy but soon you will be amazed at how fast it will clear and stay clear once things start working naturally. There is now a liquid barley extract of barley straw on offer. To work naturally the bottom of the pond can and should be a little muddy, but the top should be clear, you can easily tell when it is. Introduce some oxygen weed from a pond already filled with fish. Fish blow their eggs into the weed so there is sure to be eggs now in the weed, these will hatch out in your pond with no big fish around to eat them. You will not have to feed fish as the warmer months attract plenty of bugs to a pond. Lawns: Keep mowers up a notch and try mowing without the catcher now and then, then rake the clippings out over the lawn to add humus. Lawns need fed regularly through the growing and cutting seasons but never without moisture to follow to avoid grass burning. Have some fertiliser on hand for the next rain. Dig out daisies, clover and flat weeds before they seed or spot spray each weed, then gaps where the weeds die should fill in with grass during this rapid growing season. Fruit: Check your fruit trees now for over crowded bunches, thin bunches out by snipping small fruits off if winds do not do it for you. Vegetables: I have planted peas where the broad beans were and lettuce and coriander where I dug out the beetroot. Potatoes are well up, corn and pumpkins should be romping away during warm days. So far no white butterflies about looking for brassica to lay eggs on. Keep planting all vegetables but not too many of the same at one time and cover to keep bugs off while small. Cheers Linda.

Gardening in Waitaki November 7th 2023

Some nice rain last week ment hoses did not need to be out, the weight of rain on deciduous tree branches makes it easy to see those needing to be lifted, if left to increase width they cast shade over surrounding plants. Any branch growing downwards with a canopy branch directly above it can be cut back or removed altogether because lower plantings need overhead light to prevent stretched growing. Hedges: will still not be finished pushing out spring growth and if trimmed too early another trim will be needed so best to wait until new growth  has hardened and stems snap clean when bent. All new growth hedge trimmings can go on the compost or be scattered around the garden as mulch.  Cut back spring flowering perennials that have finished flowering and fill gaps with summer annuals. Tall annual plants like cosmos and lavatera at the back, petunias, nemesia, saliva and marigolds middle and lobelia. alyssum, dwarf sweet peas and petite petunias in front.  Roses: Fat rose buds are now opening, healthy and beautiful before succumbing to the stress of hot drying days. Aphids, blackspot and rust will not be a problem if water, feeding and mulch is kept up healthy roses can be enjoyed through to early winter.  Dahlias are pushing through now as spring bulbs finish, if you see some of your dahlias will be in the shade cast by tree branches growing wider, shift clumps into a sunnier position  while new growth  is low. Support can be put in place now for large spreading dahlias before they put on heavy growth.  Hydrangeas are starting to produce flower heads now so it is important to keep the water and food up to them, old stable manure, blood and bone, liquid or slow release fertiliser will keep them happy and flowering well. It's a dressing of lime for pink and Epsom salts or aluminum sulphate to keep them blue.  Fuchsias are on sale right now and are wonderful in pots or a shady spot, they are making a lot of growth now so if you missed cutting any back do it now, they will soon catch up.  Peony roses: What wonderful additions these are to the flower garden, peony roses are beautiful fillers in a sunny spot and great for filling vases. Support will be needed for most peony roses to hold up full flower heads.  Lawns are thriving after the spring rain, annual weeds will have been mowed out but perennial lawn weeds will need removing before they make seed and spread. I dig them out as I see them while small but if they have spread over your lawn they may need lawn spray but please just spot spray and never on a sunny day when insects and bees are about.  Veg garden:  I have planted peas where the broad beans were and lettuce and coriander where I dug out the beetroot. Potatoes are well up, corn and pumpkins will have a chance to go for it now without the threat of frost. So far I have seen no white butterflies looking for brassica to lay eggs on.Keep planting all vegetables but not too many of the same at one time. Elderflower cordial: Elder flowers are covering bushes now, they  don't last long before berries start forming from the flowers. Ingredients: 20 large elderflower heads, 4 lemons, 1 tsp citric acid, 1.5 liters water, 1kg sugar. Method; Grate zest off lemons, then roughly chop into chunks. Gently wash the flowers and steep them in a bowl with water and add this to the flower head mixture. Cover and leave for 24 hours, then strain through muslin gently, bring the strained liquid to the boil, add sugar and stir until dissolved. Pour into sterilized glass bottles and store in the fridge when cool. Add a measure to iced water for the perfect fresh summer beverage for all ages and a dash in gin for those who like a G and T.  Cheers, Linda.